Dinamika Pertumbuhan Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) terhadap Pemberian Biostimulan Asam Amino dan NPK

https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v6i1.2355
Published: Jun 10, 2026

Abstract:

Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) is a short-duration leafy vegetable whose early growth and marketable biomass depend on efficient nutrient management. This study aimed to evaluate growth dynamics and production of water spinach following application of an amino acid biostimulant and NPK fertilizer. The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, in February 2026 using a one-factor randomized block design with three treatments and nine replications: no fertilizer, amino acid biostimulant (2 mL/L), and NPK 16-16-16 (1 g/L), applied as root drenches at 7 and 14 days after planting. The tested concentrations were selected to compare an organic growth-stimulating input with a mineral macronutrient source during the short vegetative cycle. Plant height and leaf number were recorded at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after planting, and fresh weight was measured at harvest. Data were evaluated descriptively using means, standard deviations, and percentage increases over the control. At 7 days after planting, NPK and amino acid biostimulant produced plant heights 101.5% and 68.6% above the control, respectively. At 35 days after planting, NPK produced the highest fresh weight (742.13 ± 2.41 g), followed by the amino acid biostimulant (655.88 ± 2.36 g) and the control (485.51 ± 2.45 g); the amino acid treatment produced the highest leaf number (16 leaves). These results indicate that NPK supported greater final fresh biomass, whereas the amino acid biostimulant tended to support early vegetative growth and leaf formation.

Authors:
1 . Alamanda Katartika Fahri
University of Lampung
2 . Adawiah
University of Lampung
3 . Rizki Afriliyanti
Universitas Lampung
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How to Cite
Fahri, A. K., Adawiah, & Rizki Afriliyanti. (2026). Dinamika Pertumbuhan Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) terhadap Pemberian Biostimulan Asam Amino dan NPK. Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 6(1), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v6i1.2355
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Articles
Author Biographies

Adawiah, University of Lampung

Jurusan Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Rizki Afriliyanti, Universitas Lampung

Jurusan Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

References

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    Atero-Calvo, S., Izquierdo-Ramos, M. J., García-Huertas, C., Rodríguez-Alcántara, M., Navarro-Morillo, I., & Navarro-León, E. (2024). An evaluation of the effectivity of the Green Leaves biostimulant on lettuce growth, nutritional quality and mineral element efficiencies under optimal growth conditions. Plants, 13(7), 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070917

    Atero-Calvo, S., Navarro-León, E., Polo, J., & Ruiz, J. M. (2025). Physiological efficacy of the amino acid-based biostimulants Pepton 85/16, Pepton origin, and Nutriterra in lettuce grown under optimal and reduced synthetic nitrogen fertilization. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1645768. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1645768

    Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383, 3-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8

    Choi, S., Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., & Kim, H.-J. (2022). Effects of plant-derived protein hydrolysates on yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse grown lettuce and tomato. Agronomy, 12(5), 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051018

    Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Canaguier, R., Svecova, E., & Cardarelli, M. (2014). Biostimulant action of a plant-derived protein hydrolysate produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00448

    Daniel, M. H. D. Y., & Harahap, L. H. (2024). Respon pemberian pupuk kompos dan NPK terhadap produksi tanaman kangkung darat. Jurnal Agroplasma, 11(2), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v11i2.6266

    Dasgan, H. Y., Aksu, K. S., Zikaria, K., & Gruda, N. S. (2024). Biostimulants enhance the nutritional quality of soilless greenhouse tomatoes. Plants, 13(18), 2587. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182587

    de Bang, T. C., Husted, S., Laursen, K. H., Persson, D. P., & Schjørring, J. K. (2021). The molecular-physiological functions of mineral macronutrients and their consequences for deficiency symptoms in plants. New Phytologist, 229(5), 2446-2469. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17074

    Deveikytė, J., Blinstrubienė, A., & Burbulis, N. (2025). Amino acids as biostimulants: Effects on growth, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity in Ocimum basilicum L. Agriculture, 15(14), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15141496

    du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021

    El-Nakhel, C., Cristofano, F., Colla, G., Pii, Y., Secomandi, E., De Gregorio, M. A., Buffagni, V., García-Pérez, P., Lucini, L., & Rouphael, Y. (2023). Vegetal-derived biostimulants distinctively command the physiological and metabolomic signatures of lettuce grown in depleted nitrogen conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 317, 112057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112057

    Hunt, R. (1982). Plant growth curves: The functional approach to plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold.

    Keskin, B., Akhoundnejad, Y., Dasgan, H. Y., & Gruda, N. S. (2025). Fulvic acid, amino acids, and vermicompost enhanced yield and improved nutrient profile of soilless iceberg lettuce. Plants, 14(4), 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040609

    Khan, S., Iqbal, M. Z., Solangi, F., Azeem, S., Bodlah, M. A., Zaheer, M. S., ... Manoharadas, S. (2025). Impact of amino acid supplementation on hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and nutrient content. Scientific Reports, 15, 15829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00294-x

    Khan, S., Yu, H., Li, Q., Gao, Y., Sallam, B. N., Wang, H., Liu, P., & Jiang, W. (2019). Exogenous application of amino acids improves the growth and yield of lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and nutrient availability. Agronomy, 9(5), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050266

    Monterisi, S., García-Pérez, P., Buffagni, V., Zuluaga, M. Y. A., Ciriello, M., Formisano, L., El-Nakhel, C., Cardarelli, M., Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Cristofano, F., Cesco, S., Lucini, L., & Pii, Y. (2024). Unravelling the biostimulant activity of a protein hydrolysate in lettuce plants under optimal and low N availability: A multi-omics approach. Physiologia Plantarum, 176(3), e14357. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14357

    Nanda, C. V., Sari, V. K., & Khozin, M. N. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) pada berbagai dosis pupuk NPK. Jurnal Ilmiah Agribios, 20(2), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.36841/agribios.v20i2.1943

    Paramudita S., K. B., Ilmiasari, Y., Harini, N. V. A., & Novrimansyah, E. A. (2025). Pengaruh pemberian POC air cucian beras pada hasil produksi tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 5(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v5i1.1449

    Quille, P., Kacprzyk, J., O'Connell, S., & Ng, C. K. Y. (2025). Reducing fertiliser inputs: Plant biostimulants as an emerging strategy to improve nutrient use efficiency. Discover Sustainability, 6, 128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00910-w

    Rouphael, Y., & Colla, G. (2020). Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 40. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00040

    Ruzzi, M., Colla, G., & Rouphael, Y. (2024). Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture II: Towards a sustainable future. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1427283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1427283

    Sun, W., Shahrajabian, M. H., Kuang, Y., & Wang, N. (2024). Amino acids biostimulants and protein hydrolysates in agricultural sciences. Plants, 13(2), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020210

    Suri, A. M. (2025). Respons pakcoy (Brassica rapa) akibat teknik pemupukan terhadap karakter fisiologis dan hasil panen. Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 5(2), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1926

    Yakhin, O. I., Lubyanov, A. A., Yakhin, I. A., & Brown, P. H. (2017). Biostimulants in plant science: A global perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 2049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02049

  1. Airlangga, T. A., & Parapasan, Y. (2023). Pengaruh komposisi media tumbuh dan dosis pupuk majemuk terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 3(2), 90-99. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v3i2.912
  2. Atero-Calvo, S., Izquierdo-Ramos, M. J., García-Huertas, C., Rodríguez-Alcántara, M., Navarro-Morillo, I., & Navarro-León, E. (2024). An evaluation of the effectivity of the Green Leaves biostimulant on lettuce growth, nutritional quality and mineral element efficiencies under optimal growth conditions. Plants, 13(7), 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13070917
  3. Atero-Calvo, S., Navarro-León, E., Polo, J., & Ruiz, J. M. (2025). Physiological efficacy of the amino acid-based biostimulants Pepton 85/16, Pepton origin, and Nutriterra in lettuce grown under optimal and reduced synthetic nitrogen fertilization. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1645768. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1645768
  4. Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383, 3-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8
  5. Choi, S., Colla, G., Cardarelli, M., & Kim, H.-J. (2022). Effects of plant-derived protein hydrolysates on yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse grown lettuce and tomato. Agronomy, 12(5), 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051018
  6. Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Canaguier, R., Svecova, E., & Cardarelli, M. (2014). Biostimulant action of a plant-derived protein hydrolysate produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 448. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00448
  7. Daniel, M. H. D. Y., & Harahap, L. H. (2024). Respon pemberian pupuk kompos dan NPK terhadap produksi tanaman kangkung darat. Jurnal Agroplasma, 11(2), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v11i2.6266
  8. Dasgan, H. Y., Aksu, K. S., Zikaria, K., & Gruda, N. S. (2024). Biostimulants enhance the nutritional quality of soilless greenhouse tomatoes. Plants, 13(18), 2587. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182587
  9. de Bang, T. C., Husted, S., Laursen, K. H., Persson, D. P., & Schjørring, J. K. (2021). The molecular-physiological functions of mineral macronutrients and their consequences for deficiency symptoms in plants. New Phytologist, 229(5), 2446-2469. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17074
  10. Deveikytė, J., Blinstrubienė, A., & Burbulis, N. (2025). Amino acids as biostimulants: Effects on growth, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity in Ocimum basilicum L. Agriculture, 15(14), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15141496
  11. du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
  12. El-Nakhel, C., Cristofano, F., Colla, G., Pii, Y., Secomandi, E., De Gregorio, M. A., Buffagni, V., García-Pérez, P., Lucini, L., & Rouphael, Y. (2023). Vegetal-derived biostimulants distinctively command the physiological and metabolomic signatures of lettuce grown in depleted nitrogen conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 317, 112057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112057
  13. Hunt, R. (1982). Plant growth curves: The functional approach to plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold.
  14. Keskin, B., Akhoundnejad, Y., Dasgan, H. Y., & Gruda, N. S. (2025). Fulvic acid, amino acids, and vermicompost enhanced yield and improved nutrient profile of soilless iceberg lettuce. Plants, 14(4), 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040609
  15. Khan, S., Iqbal, M. Z., Solangi, F., Azeem, S., Bodlah, M. A., Zaheer, M. S., ... Manoharadas, S. (2025). Impact of amino acid supplementation on hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and nutrient content. Scientific Reports, 15, 15829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00294-x
  16. Khan, S., Yu, H., Li, Q., Gao, Y., Sallam, B. N., Wang, H., Liu, P., & Jiang, W. (2019). Exogenous application of amino acids improves the growth and yield of lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and nutrient availability. Agronomy, 9(5), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050266
  17. Monterisi, S., García-Pérez, P., Buffagni, V., Zuluaga, M. Y. A., Ciriello, M., Formisano, L., El-Nakhel, C., Cardarelli, M., Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Cristofano, F., Cesco, S., Lucini, L., & Pii, Y. (2024). Unravelling the biostimulant activity of a protein hydrolysate in lettuce plants under optimal and low N availability: A multi-omics approach. Physiologia Plantarum, 176(3), e14357. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14357
  18. Nanda, C. V., Sari, V. K., & Khozin, M. N. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) pada berbagai dosis pupuk NPK. Jurnal Ilmiah Agribios, 20(2), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.36841/agribios.v20i2.1943
  19. Paramudita S., K. B., Ilmiasari, Y., Harini, N. V. A., & Novrimansyah, E. A. (2025). Pengaruh pemberian POC air cucian beras pada hasil produksi tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 5(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v5i1.1449
  20. Quille, P., Kacprzyk, J., O'Connell, S., & Ng, C. K. Y. (2025). Reducing fertiliser inputs: Plant biostimulants as an emerging strategy to improve nutrient use efficiency. Discover Sustainability, 6, 128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00910-w
  21. Rouphael, Y., & Colla, G. (2020). Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 40. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00040
  22. Ruzzi, M., Colla, G., & Rouphael, Y. (2024). Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture II: Towards a sustainable future. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1427283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1427283
  23. Sun, W., Shahrajabian, M. H., Kuang, Y., & Wang, N. (2024). Amino acids biostimulants and protein hydrolysates in agricultural sciences. Plants, 13(2), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020210
  24. Suri, A. M. (2025). Respons pakcoy (Brassica rapa) akibat teknik pemupukan terhadap karakter fisiologis dan hasil panen. Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 5(2), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1926
  25. Yakhin, O. I., Lubyanov, A. A., Yakhin, I. A., & Brown, P. H. (2017). Biostimulants in plant science: A global perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 2049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02049