Biopriming Ekstrak Bawang Merah untuk Meningkatkan Vigor dan Viabilitas Benih Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)

https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v6i1.2284
Published: May 30, 2026

Abstract:

The success of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivation is determined by the quality of the seeds used. One effort to improve seed quality is through biopriming techniques based on natural ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of shallot (Allium cepa L.) extract as a biopriming agent in increasing the viability and vigor of mung bean seeds, and to determine the optimum effective concentration. This study was conducted at the Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The experimental design in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor with six levels of shallot extract concentration, namely 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% with four replications. The observation parameters consisted of germination power and germination rate, vigor index I and II, hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the sprouts. Data analysis used ANOVA and Duncan's advanced test at the 5% level, and was supplemented with effect size analysis with eta-squared (η²). The results showed that 15% extract concentration was the optimum concentration in increasing germination rate and vigor II index. Germination rate and vigor II index decreased in direct proportion to the increase in extract concentration. The application of shallot extract had no significant effect on germination rate, hypocotyl length, root length, dry weight, and fresh weight of mung bean sprouts.

Keywords:
1. Biopriming
2. Ekstrak bawang merah
3. Vigor benih
4. Viabilitas
5. Kacang hijau
Authors:
1 . Freddy Alexander Simatupang
Universitas Riau
2 . Puan Habibah
Universitas Riau
3 . Zafitra
Universitas Riau
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How to Cite
Simatupang, F. A., Habibah, P., & Zafitra. (2026). Biopriming Ekstrak Bawang Merah untuk Meningkatkan Vigor dan Viabilitas Benih Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 6(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.47637/agrimals.v6i1.2284
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Articles
References

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    Arianti, D., Aluh Nikmatullah, & Jayaputra. (2022). Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Biji dengan Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium asclonicum L.) dari True Shallot Seeds. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agrokomplek, 1(3), pp.172–181. https://doi.org/10.29303/jima.v1i3.1455

    Ayda, S., Ramdani, A., & Mertha, I. G. 2023. The Effect of Shallot Peel (Allium ascalonicum L.) as a Natural Growth Regulatory Substance on Root Growth of Cassava Stem Cuttings (Manihot utilissima). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(1),pp.335–341. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i1.4565

    Boutahiri, S., Benrkia, R., Tembeni, B., Idowu, O. E., & Olatunji, O. J. 2024. Effect of biostimulants on the chemical profile of food crops under normal and abiotic stress conditions. Current Plant Biology, 40, 100410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100410

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    du Jardin, P. 2015. Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. In Scientia Horticulturae (Vol. 196, pp. 3–14). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021

    Finch-Savage, W. E., & Bassel, G. W. 2016. Seed vigour and crop establishment: Extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany 67(3_, pp.567–591. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv490

    Hakim, M., Noor, P., & Hidayat, A. 2025. Teknologi Biopriming untuk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan dan Kolonisasi Mikroba Bermanfaat pada Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis). Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 10(1), pp.91–101. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.91-101

    Jawak, G., Widajati, E., Liana, D., & Astuti, T. 2022. Pendugaan Kemunduran Benih dengan Uji Fisiologi dan Biokimiawi. Savana Cendana,7,pp.61–64. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i04.1921

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    Mahmood, A., Turgay, O. C., Farooq, M., & Hayat, R. 2016. Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A review. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw112

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    Mayur B, P., Amol R, P., Sushant Sukumar, P., Thangasamy, A., Trupti R, P., Payal A, M., & Komal Anil, G. 2025. Influence of NaCl stress on germination, growth and vigour of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings. Plant Science Today, 12(sp4). https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.12249

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    Powell, A. A. 2022. Seed vigour in the 21 st century .Seed Science and Technology, 50(2),pp. 45–73. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.04

    Preece, K. E., Hooshyar, N., & Zuidam, N. J. 2017. Whole soybean protein extraction processes: A review. In Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,43,pp. 163–172). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.07.024

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    Varier, A., Vari, A. K., & Dadlani, M. 2010. The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Science, 99(4), 450–456. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24109568

    Zidny Fatikhasari, Lailaty, I. Q., Sartika, D., & Ubaidi, M. A. 2022. Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.), Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), dan Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Temperatur dan Tekanan Osmotik Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(1), pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.1.7

  1. Andriyani, Y., & Guntoro, D. 2025. Potensi Ekstrak Daun Eucalyptus pellita sebagai Bioherbisida Pratumbuh untuk Pengendalian Gulma. Buletin Agrohorti, 13(1), pp.9–16. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v13i1.60472
  2. Arianti, D., Aluh Nikmatullah, & Jayaputra. (2022). Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Biji dengan Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium asclonicum L.) dari True Shallot Seeds. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agrokomplek, 1(3), pp.172–181. https://doi.org/10.29303/jima.v1i3.1455
  3. Ayda, S., Ramdani, A., & Mertha, I. G. 2023. The Effect of Shallot Peel (Allium ascalonicum L.) as a Natural Growth Regulatory Substance on Root Growth of Cassava Stem Cuttings (Manihot utilissima). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(1),pp.335–341. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i1.4565
  4. Boutahiri, S., Benrkia, R., Tembeni, B., Idowu, O. E., & Olatunji, O. J. 2024. Effect of biostimulants on the chemical profile of food crops under normal and abiotic stress conditions. Current Plant Biology, 40, 100410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100410
  5. Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. 2014. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil 383(1–2), pp. 3–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8
  6. du Jardin, P. 2015. Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. In Scientia Horticulturae (Vol. 196, pp. 3–14). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
  7. Finch-Savage, W. E., & Bassel, G. W. 2016. Seed vigour and crop establishment: Extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany 67(3_, pp.567–591. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv490
  8. Hakim, M., Noor, P., & Hidayat, A. 2025. Teknologi Biopriming untuk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan dan Kolonisasi Mikroba Bermanfaat pada Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis). Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 10(1), pp.91–101. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.91-101
  9. Jawak, G., Widajati, E., Liana, D., & Astuti, T. 2022. Pendugaan Kemunduran Benih dengan Uji Fisiologi dan Biokimiawi. Savana Cendana,7,pp.61–64. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v7i04.1921
  10. Kato-Noguchi, H., & Kurniadie, D. 2020. Allelopathy and allelopathic substances of mango (Mangifera indica L.). eed Biology and Management, 20(4), pp. 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12212
  11. Khan, M. A. H., Baset Mia, M. A., Quddus, M. A., Sarker, K. K., Rahman, M., Skalicky, M., Brestic, M., Gaber, A., Alsuhaibani, A. M., & Hossain, A. 2022. Salinity-Induced Physiological Changes in Pea (Pisum sativum L.): Germination Rate, Biomass Accumulation, Relative Water Content, Seedling Vigor and Salt Tolerance Index. Plants, 11(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243493
  12. Mahmood, A., Turgay, O. C., Farooq, M., & Hayat, R. 2016. Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A review. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw112
  13. Maquiné, T. M., Cysne, A. Q., de Lima, W. A. A., Abreu, S. C., Green, M., & Almeida Rios, S. de. 2014. Germination of Seeds of Interspecific Hybrid Caiau. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 05(20), pp. 2965–2972. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.520313
  14. Mayur B, P., Amol R, P., Sushant Sukumar, P., Thangasamy, A., Trupti R, P., Payal A, M., & Komal Anil, G. 2025. Influence of NaCl stress on germination, growth and vigour of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings. Plant Science Today, 12(sp4). https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.12249
  15. Paelongan, A. H., Malau, K. M., & Semahu, L. H. 2023. Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh pada Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, 185–196. https://doi.org/10.25181/jaip.v11i3.3013
  16. Paparella, S., Araújo, S. S., Rossi, G., Wijayasinghe, M., Carbonera, D., & Balestrazzi, A. 2015. Seed priming: state of the art and new perspectives. Plant Cell Reports , 34(8), pp. 1281–1293). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1784-y
  17. Powell, A. A. 2022. Seed vigour in the 21 st century .Seed Science and Technology, 50(2),pp. 45–73. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.04
  18. Preece, K. E., Hooshyar, N., & Zuidam, N. J. 2017. Whole soybean protein extraction processes: A review. In Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,43,pp. 163–172). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.07.024
  19. Rolin, N., Zamzami, A., & Qadir, A. 2024. Pengaruh Ukuran Benih terhadap Mutu Kecambah Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Varietas Vima 4 dan Vimil 1. Buletin Agrohorti, 12(1), pp. 123–135. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v12i1.51528
  20. Varier, A., Vari, A. K., & Dadlani, M. 2010. The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Science, 99(4), 450–456. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24109568
  21. Zidny Fatikhasari, Lailaty, I. Q., Sartika, D., & Ubaidi, M. A. 2022. Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.), Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), dan Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Temperatur dan Tekanan Osmotik Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(1), pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.1.7